这是一个定语从句。 修饰的先行词是 figure(身影)。 whom he immediately recognized as bill wilkins。可以还原成: recognized whom as bill wilkins
according to是介词短语作状语,including是现在分词作伴随状语。一个句子除了主干就是剩下的状语或者定语,定语是修饰限定用的,这里没有可以修饰的词,所以都是状语。 这个句子只有一个主干,就是你找到的,其他的成分都是状语,而且是短语做状语,不是句子,没有从句。
关键结构是: 1 A lack of formal education(主语) doesn't constrain (谓语)sb's ability to improve sth (宾语) 2 sb's ability == the ability of the developing world's workforce 3 the ability to do sth ------ to do sth 是定语,修饰the ability。这个to千万不能省略。